This course discusses the social, political and economic structure after the Muslim conquest of North Africa and al-Andalus, including the era of al- wulat and the emirate of Cordoba. It also covers the origins of the inhabitants and their development in North Africa and the rise of independent states such as, al- Agaliba , al- Rustumeen and al- Adarisa and the reflection of these conditions on al- Andalus . Emphasis will be given to the civilization of al- Andalus.